
"The Damnation of Women"
From
Wiki:
In his chapter called "The Damnation of Women," Du Bois seeks to elevate women by acknowledging their labor in the home, the workplace and the black church. The chapter has been described as one of the first proto-feminist analyses by a male intellectual. In the chapter, Du Bois gives the black mother even more glorification for her role as child bearer. He calls for women to seek a life of economic independence, and argues that women have a right to control their own bodies and reproductive choices. Yet in his description of women he often describes their physical traits first such as his description of journalist Mary Shadd Cary whom Du Bois described as a "ravishing dream-born beauty."
I found this essay while searching for free feminists text in the public domain. I have found some great feminists classic texts online. I went to Amazon.com to find some inspiration in some feminists theory books. Amazon allows a 'look inside', and I am able to peruse the table of context. That is how I found the chapter titled 'The Damnation of Women' in the book
Darkwater: Voices From Within the Veil by
W.E.B. Du Bois. I read
The Souls of Black Folk, a seminal work in African-American literature in college, so I am partially familiar with his work. However, I wasn't familiar with his views on women, and the chapter 'The Damnation of Women' is considered to be a proto-feminist text and a tribute to the dignity and worth of women, particularly black women. You can find the book free
here.
The chapter is beautifully written and demonstrates Du Bois' strong respect and admiration for women, particularly black women. Du Bois begins the chapter by writing about four women of his childhood- his mother, cousin, and two friends. They were of different races. He claims that 'they existed not for themselves, but for men.' Du Bois describes the
damnation of women as follows:
The world wants healthy babies and intelligent workers. Today we refuse to allow the combination and force thousands of intelligent workers to go childless at a horrible expenditure of moral force, or we damn them if they break our idiotic conventions. Only at the sacrifice of intelligence and the chance to do their best work can the majority of modern women bear children. This is the damnation of women.
All womanhood is hampered today because the world on which it is emerging is a world that tries to worship both virgins and mothers and in the end despises motherhood and despoils virgins.
The future woman must have a life work and economic independence. She must have knowledge. She must have the right of motherhood at her own discretion. The present mincing horror at free womanhood must pass if we are ever to be rid of the bestiality of free manhood; not by guarding the weak in weakness do we gain strength, but by making weakness free and strong.
When I first read those lines, I thought to myself, 'if that isn't feminism, I don't know what is!' In a text published in 1920, Du Bois indicates that women had to choice between being intelligent (I presume an education) and being a mother. I did find perplexing that he found those issues to be mutually exclusive, which they are not. Du Bois then explains that this world both worships and despises motherhood and virginity. Then Du Bois expresses his support for fundamental issues pertaining self-determination in all women - 1) economic independence 2) education and 3) reproductive autonomy. Du Bois concludes that instead of protecting 'weakness' we must make women 'free and strong.'
I felt this chapter seeks to highlight the role of black women because, according to Du Bois, the world worships womankind but 'forgets its darker sisters.' Quoting Scheneider, Du Bois writes, 'No mother can love more tenderly and none is more tenderly loved than the Negro mother.' Du Bois writes about the role of women in Africa and Asia, and specially its role during slavery. He writes, 'the crushing weight of slavery fell on black women. Under it there was no legal marriage, no legal family, no legal control over children.' He also condemns the insulting of black womanhood who is shown as prostitutes of lust, as he writes. I think the oversexualization of the black body (or any women of color) is common even today.
To conclude, it is always refreshing to read scholarly text from the 1920s expressing its support for the social and economical independence of black women.